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Whereas, the Republic of Hawaii also ceded 1,800,000 acres of crown, government and public lands of the Kingdom of Hawaii, without the consent of or compensation to the Native Hawaiian people of Hawaii or their sovereign government;

Hiu Aloha Aina

U.S. Secretary of State W. Q. Gresham, Oct. 18, 1893 (Letter to President Cleveland) It is not now claimed that a majority of the people, having the right to vote under the constitution of 1887, ever favored the existing authority or annexation to this or any other country. They earnestly desire that the government of their choice shall be restored and its independence respected. Mr. Blount states that while at Honolulu he did not meet a single annexationist who expressed willingness to submit the question to a vote of the people, nor did he talk with one on that subject who did not insist that if the Islands were annexed suffrage should so be restricted as to give complete control to foreigners or whites. Representative annexationists have repeatedly made similar statements to the undersigned.
Anti-Annexation Petitions, 1897 In 1897 two petitions were submitted to the United States Senate demonstrating the opposition to annexation by the people of Hawaii, one with over 21,000 signatures (below), and another with 17,000 signatures calling for the restoration of the monarchy. The Native Hawaiian population was approximately 40,000 at the time. These petitions successfully prevented the passage of the proposed treaty of annexation.
PALAPALA HOOPII KUE HOOHUIAINA I ka Mea Mahaloia WILLIAM MCKINLEY, Peresidena, a me ka Aha Senate, o Amerika Huipuia. ME KA MAHALO: — NO KA MEA, us waihoia aku imua o ka Aha Senate o Amerika Huipuia he Kuikahi no ka Hoohui aku ia Hawaii nei ia Amerika Huipuia i oleloia, no ka noonooia ma kona kau mau iloko o Dekemaba, M. H. 1897: nolaila, O MAKOU, na poe no lakou na inoa malalo iho, he poe makaainana a poe, noho oiwi Hawaii hoi no ka Apana o _______; Mokupuni o _______, he poe lala no ka AHAHUI HAWAII ALOHA AINA O KO HAWAII PAEAINA, a me na poe e ae i like ka manao makee me ko ka Ahahui i oleloia, ke kue aku nei me ka manao ikaika loa i ka hoohuiia aku o ko Hawaii Paeanina i oleloia ia Amerika Huipuia i oleloia ma kekahi ano a loina paha.	PETITION AGAINST ANNEXATION To His Excellency WILLIAM MCKINLEY, President, and the Senate, of the United States of America. Greetings: — WHEREAS; there has been submitted to the Senate of the United States of America a Treaty for the Annexation of the Hawaiian Islands to the said United States of America, for consideration at its regular session in December, A. D. 1897; therefore, WE, the undersigned, native Hawaiians, citizens and residents of the District of _______, Island of _______, who are members of the HAWAIIAN PATRIOTIC LEAGUE OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS, and others who are in sympathy with the said League, earnestly protest against the annexation of the said Hawaiian Islands to the said United States of American in any form or shape.
Anti-Annexation Petitions Educast Segment

Once again, they had no authority to do this. The government of the Republic of Hawai'i was a military occupation authority, the civilian arm, without any sovereign claims to the land under the laws of military occupation, the laws of war. There was nothing to cede, they had no power to cede anything. And the title then, to the land, rested and still rests, under international law, with the Native Hawaiian people. Boyle
Prof. Francis A. Boyle
Dec. 28, 1993

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