Whereas, the Newlands Resolution also specified that treaties existing between Hawaii and foreign nations were to immediately cease and be replaced by United States treaties with such nations;

French treaty seal

"His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway engages to respect in time of war the neutral rights of the Hawaiian Kingdom and to use his good offices with all other powers, having treaties with His Majesty the King of the Hawaiian Islands, to induce them to adopt the same policy towards the Hawaiian Kingdom." Treaty between the Kingdom of Hawaii and the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, 1852

"The unilateral modification or repeal of a provision of a treaty by Act of Congress, although effective as a matter of domestic law, will not generally relieve the United States of the International legal obligations that it may have under that provision." Office of Legal Counsel Opinion, U.S. Department of Justice, 1996